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Ontario NACC PSW · Sorrentino 5th edition · Bilingual course
Chapter 02 — The Canadian Health Care System
加拿大医疗保健体系
Printed pp. 20–33PDF pp. 52–6513 learning unitsNo topbar · Offline HTMLHow to study / 学习方法
Read each unit in simple English, then read its complete Chinese explanation. Hear key words and whole sentences at your chosen rate. Answer five questions immediately; check every option explanation, and later take a chapter exam in English-only format.
先看浅显英文，再看完整中文解释；选语速和声音，听专业单词及完整句子；每学完一个知识点立即做五题，提交后检查所有选项原因，最后参加纯英文形式的章节计时测试。
Source control / 来源： Sorrentino’s Canadian Textbook for the Support Worker, Fifth Edition (Copyright © 2022); Chapter 2, printed pages 20–33. Source-based teaching summaries are originally worded. Ontario 2022 PSW standard is a separate curriculum reference; predicted chapter percentages and secret exam items are NOT claimed. / 本学习系统是原创讲解与模拟题，不是教材逐字翻印，也不声称掌握官方机密试题或真实出题比例。
Voice and Learning Controls / 朗读与学习设置
Browser speech synthesis is loading. 浏览器语音正在加载。
Voice is produced by the browser/system speech engine (synthesized, not verified human recording). Installed voice availability and perceived gender vary by platform. Chrome/Edge usually work best; all written notes and quizzes work without audio. / 当前为设备合成语音，并非真人录音；可用美音、女声数量因设备不同，所有文字与试题离线可用。
Textbook sections / 教材原有小节
Canada’s Current Health Care System · p. 21
The Provincial or Territorial Role in Health Care · p. 28
Health Care Challenges, Supplementary Services, and Trends · p. 29
Page-by-page teaching units / 逐页小单元
01. Canada’s medicare and shared responsibilities · p. 20–2102. Five Canada Health Act principles · p. 21–2203. Evolution of public health insurance and Tommy Douglas · p. 22–2304. Federal, provincial and Indigenous health responsibilities · p. 23–2405. Holistic health and traditional healing practices · p. 24–2506. Primary care, prevention and health promotion · p. 25–2607. Secondary, tertiary and quaternary care · p. 26–2708. Home care, community services and continuity · p. 27–2809. Federal–provincial administration and system coordination · p. 28–2910. Current challenges: resources, aging and access · p. 29–3011. Supplementary services and insurance gaps · p. 30–3112. Health promotion, prevention and system trends · p. 31–3213. Chapter synthesis and Canada Health Act exam traps · p. 32–33
Learning Unit 02.01 · Textbook printed pp. 20–21 · PDF pp. 52–53
Canada’s medicare and shared responsibilities
加拿大公共医疗保险及政府共同职责
Medicare is the Canadian publicly funded system for insured medically necessary hospital and physician services. It is not a promise that all health-related products and care are free. Federal, provincial and territorial governments share responsibilities; provinces and territories administer their own health insurance plans under federal principles.
Medicare 是加拿大以公共资金资助的医疗保险制度，主要保障符合法规的医学必要医院及医生服务，并不意味着所有健康相关产品和服务全部免费。联邦、省和地区政府分担职责；各省／地区在联邦原则框架内管理本地医疗保险计划。
Core Knowledge / 核心知识点
✓
Federally established criteria support consistent insured access, while local delivery rules may vary.
联邦标准确保基本参保服务原则一致，但各省实际提供方式可以不同。
✓
Patients should confirm eligibility and coverage for specific services rather than assuming everything is insured.
具体服务是否受保应核实资格和覆盖范围，不能假定都免费。
✓
The PSW does not decide insurance eligibility or promise payment coverage; refer billing questions appropriately.
PSW 不独立决定保险资格或保证报销；费用疑问应转给有关人员。
Exam Vocabulary & American English Audio / 考试词汇与美音朗读
Press 🔊 to listen to the English term or its example sentence. Adjust voice and speed above. 点击喇叭朗读英文单词或例句，可在上方调节声音和速度。
medicare
加拿大公共医疗保险
Canada’s publicly funded insurance system for insured care.
加拿大面向受保医疗项目的公共保险制度。
Medicare supports access to insured services.
publicly funded
公共资金资助的
Paid for mainly with tax revenue.
主要由税收资金支持。
Medically necessary hospital services are publicly funded.
insured service
受保服务
Health service covered by a public insurance plan.
纳入公共保险计划支付范围的医疗服务。
Ask whether a service is insured.
medically necessary
医学必要的
Required for a medical reason under coverage rules.
根据医疗需求及保险规则认定为有必要的。
Coverage depends on medically necessary services.
jurisdiction
辖区／行政管辖范围
Area and government with legal responsibility.
具有法律管理责任的地区和政府。
Coverage rules may vary by jurisdiction.
Exam Tip / 考试提示
Beware ALL and ALWAYS: “Medicare pays for every health service” is not correct.
考试看见 ALL 或 ALWAYS 要警惕：“Medicare 支付所有健康服务”是不正确的。
Quick Quiz / 知识点即时模拟考试
5 original multiple-choice questions: 2 scenario/concept checks + 3 language questions. 答案须先提交后查看完整中英文逐项解析；英文考试模式可隐藏中文题干。
Q1. Application / 应用
A client asks whether every dental visit and prescription is automatically free under medicare. What should the PSW say?客户问 Medicare 是否自动免费支付所有牙科就诊和处方药，PSW 应如何回答？
Reason / Reasoning: Universal principles do not automatically cover every type of service.
答案原因：公共医保原则并非涵盖所有服务。
A. × This is not an appropriate professional responsibility.
这不是适当的专业职责。
B. × The scope of insured services is limited by law and programs.
受保服务由法律及具体项目限定。
C. × This contradicts medicare’s purpose.
这与公共医保目的矛盾。
D. ✓ Universal principles do not automatically cover every type of service.
公共医保原则并非涵盖所有服务。
Q2. Concept / 概念
Which statement about canada’s medicare and shared responsibilities is the MOST accurate?关于“加拿大公共医疗保险及政府共同职责”，哪项陈述最准确？
Reason / Reasoning: Federally established criteria support consistent insured access, while local delivery rules may vary.
答案原因：联邦标准确保基本参保服务原则一致，但各省实际提供方式可以不同。
A. × Public insurance plans are not administered by PSWs.
公共医保并不由 PSW 管理。
B. × Coverage depends on the plan and service.
受保情况取决于项目和计划。
C. ✓ This is the knowledge point described in the lesson.
这正是本小节解释的正确知识点。
D. × Funding criteria and levels of care are different concepts.
医保原则与医疗层级是两类概念。
Q3. Vocabulary / 词汇
What does the English PSW term “medicare” mean in Chinese?PSW 英文词汇 “medicare” 的中文含义是什么？
Reason / Reasoning: medicare: Canada’s publicly funded insurance system for insured care.
答案原因：medicare：加拿大面向受保医疗项目的公共保险制度。
A. ✓ Correct: medicare means Canada’s publicly funded insurance system for insured care.
正确：medicare 意为 加拿大面向受保医疗项目的公共保险制度。
B. × This describes jurisdiction: Area and government with legal responsibility.
该选项是 jurisdiction：具有法律管理责任的地区和政府。
C. × This describes publicly funded: Paid for mainly with tax revenue.
该选项是 publicly funded：主要由税收资金支持。
D. × This describes insured service: Health service covered by a public insurance plan.
该选项是 insured service：纳入公共保险计划支付范围的医疗服务。
Q4. Vocabulary / 词汇
Which English term means “受保服务”?“受保服务” 对应哪个英文专业词汇？
Reason / Reasoning: insured service: Health service covered by a public insurance plan.
答案原因：insured service：纳入公共保险计划支付范围的医疗服务。
A. × This word actually means Required for a medical reason under coverage rules.
该词实际意思为：根据医疗需求及保险规则认定为有必要的。
B. × This word actually means Canada’s publicly funded insurance system for insured care.
该词实际意思为：加拿大面向受保医疗项目的公共保险制度。
C. × This word actually means Paid for mainly with tax revenue.
该词实际意思为：主要由税收资金支持。
D. ✓ Correct: insured service means Health service covered by a public insurance plan.
正确：insured service 的意思是 纳入公共保险计划支付范围的医疗服务。
Q5. Vocabulary / 词汇
Choose the best English meaning of “jurisdiction”.请选出 “jurisdiction” 最准确的英文解释。
Reason / Reasoning: jurisdiction: Area and government with legal responsibility.
答案原因：jurisdiction：具有法律管理责任的地区和政府。
A. × This is the definition of medicare, not jurisdiction.
这是 medicare 的解释，不是 jurisdiction。
B. × This is the definition of insured service, not jurisdiction.
这是 insured service 的解释，不是 jurisdiction。
C. × This is the definition of medically necessary, not jurisdiction.
这是 medically necessary 的解释，不是 jurisdiction。
D. ✓ Correct: this defines jurisdiction.
正确：这是 jurisdiction 的解释。
Learning Unit 02.02 · Textbook printed pp. 21–22 · PDF pp. 53–54
Five Canada Health Act principles
《加拿大卫生法》五大原则
The chapter emphasizes five statutory program criteria: public administration, comprehensiveness, universality, portability and accessibility. Learners must distinguish similar-sounding terms, particularly universality (eligible residents), portability (coverage across moves/travel subject to rules) and accessibility (reasonable access).
教材强调五大原则：公共管理、全面性、普遍性、可携带性、可及性。英语弱的考生尤其要区分 Universality（符合资格居民普遍受保）、Portability（跨地区迁移／旅行时按规定延续保障）与 Accessibility（合理获得受保服务）。
Core Knowledge / 核心知识点
✓
Public administration: provincial/territorial plans are administered by public authorities on a non-profit basis.
公共管理：省／地区医疗计划由公共机构以非营利方式管理。
✓
Comprehensiveness covers medically necessary insured hospital and physician services, not all possible health products.
全面性针对必要的受保医院和医生服务，不等于所有健康产品。
✓
The principles guide provincial/territorial insured health care; details such as eligibility and travel limits still require checking.
这些原则指导受保医疗服务；资格和跨地区限制等细节仍需核实。
Exam Vocabulary & American English Audio / 考试词汇与美音朗读
Press 🔊 to listen to the English term or its example sentence. Adjust voice and speed above. 点击喇叭朗读英文单词或例句，可在上方调节声音和速度。
public administration
公共管理
Insurance plans run by accountable public authorities.
医保计划由负责的公共机构管理。
Public administration is one of the five criteria.
comprehensiveness
全面性
Insures the necessary covered categories of hospital and physician services.
涵盖法律规定的必要医院及医生等服务类别。
Comprehensiveness concerns insured services.
universality
普遍性
Eligible residents receive coverage on uniform terms.
符合资格居民按一致条件获得保障。
Universality relates to residents.
portability
可携带性／跨地区延续
Coverage continues under prescribed rules when people move or travel.
依规定在迁移或旅行时延续保障。
Portability is relevant when moving provinces.
accessibility
可及性
Reasonable access to insured care without prohibited barriers.
不受禁止性障碍阻碍而合理取得受保服务。
Accessibility concerns access to care.
Exam Tip / 考试提示
Quick memory: P-C-U-P-A. Translate the stem first: resident → universality; travel/move → portability; ability to get care → accessibility.
速记 P-C-U-P-A。题干关键词：resident→普遍性；travel/move→可携带性；can obtain care→可及性。
Quick Quiz / 知识点即时模拟考试
5 original multiple-choice questions: 2 scenario/concept checks + 3 language questions. 答案须先提交后查看完整中英文逐项解析；英文考试模式可隐藏中文题干。
Q1. Application / 应用
A resident moves from one province to another. Which Canada Health Act principle relates most directly to continued coverage?居民从一个省搬到另一个省，哪项卫生法原则最直接涉及保障的延续？
Reason / Reasoning: Portability addresses continuation of insurance when moving or travelling, within applicable rules.
答案原因：可携带性解决按规定搬迁或旅行时的保险延续问题。
A. ✓ Portability addresses continuation of insurance when moving or travelling, within applicable rules.
可携带性解决按规定搬迁或旅行时的保险延续问题。
B. × Comprehensiveness addresses types of insured services.
全面性强调受保服务的种类。
C. × Public administration addresses who runs the plan.
公共管理强调谁管理计划。
D. × Accessibility concerns reasonable ability to access care, not primarily a move.
可及性主要涉及能否合理获得服务，而非迁移延续。
Q2. Concept / 概念
Which statement about five canada health act principles is the MOST accurate?关于“《加拿大卫生法》五大原则”，哪项陈述最准确？
Reason / Reasoning: Public administration: provincial/territorial plans are administered by public authorities on a non-profit basis.
答案原因：公共管理：省／地区医疗计划由公共机构以非营利方式管理。
A. × Coverage depends on the plan and service.
受保情况取决于项目和计划。
B. × Public insurance plans are not administered by PSWs.
公共医保并不由 PSW 管理。
C. ✓ This is the knowledge point described in the lesson.
这正是本小节解释的正确知识点。
D. × Funding criteria and levels of care are different concepts.
医保原则与医疗层级是两类概念。
Q3. Vocabulary / 词汇
What does the English PSW term “public administration” mean in Chinese?PSW 英文词汇 “public administration” 的中文含义是什么？
Reason / Reasoning: public administration: Insurance plans run by accountable public authorities.
答案原因：public administration：医保计划由负责的公共机构管理。
A. × This describes universality: Eligible residents receive coverage on uniform terms.
该选项是 universality：符合资格居民按一致条件获得保障。
B. ✓ Correct: public administration means Insurance plans run by accountable public authorities.
正确：public administration 意为 医保计划由负责的公共机构管理。
C. × This describes portability: Coverage continues under prescribed rules when people move or travel.
该选项是 portability：依规定在迁移或旅行时延续保障。
D. × This describes comprehensiveness: Insures the necessary covered categories of hospital and physician services.
该选项是 comprehensiveness：涵盖法律规定的必要医院及医生等服务类别。
Q4. Vocabulary / 词汇
Which English term means “普遍性”?“普遍性” 对应哪个英文专业词汇？
Reason / Reasoning: universality: Eligible residents receive coverage on uniform terms.
答案原因：universality：符合资格居民按一致条件获得保障。
A. × This word actually means Insures the necessary covered categories of hospital and physician services.
该词实际意思为：涵盖法律规定的必要医院及医生等服务类别。
B. ✓ Correct: universality means Eligible residents receive coverage on uniform terms.
正确：universality 的意思是 符合资格居民按一致条件获得保障。
C. × This word actually means Reasonable access to insured care without prohibited barriers.
该词实际意思为：不受禁止性障碍阻碍而合理取得受保服务。
D. × This word actually means Insurance plans run by accountable public authorities.
该词实际意思为：医保计划由负责的公共机构管理。
Q5. Vocabulary / 词汇
Choose the best English meaning of “accessibility”.请选出 “accessibility” 最准确的英文解释。
Reason / Reasoning: accessibility: Reasonable access to insured care without prohibited barriers.
答案原因：accessibility：不受禁止性障碍阻碍而合理取得受保服务。
A. ✓ Correct: this defines accessibility.
正确：这是 accessibility 的解释。
B. × This is the definition of universality, not accessibility.
这是 universality 的解释，不是 accessibility。
C. × This is the definition of comprehensiveness, not accessibility.
这是 comprehensiveness 的解释，不是 accessibility。
D. × This is the definition of public administration, not accessibility.
这是 public administration 的解释，不是 accessibility。
Learning Unit 02.03 · Textbook printed pp. 22–23 · PDF pp. 54–55
Evolution of public health insurance and Tommy Douglas
加拿大医保历史与 Tommy Douglas
The textbook describes a shift from families paying medical bills privately toward publicly funded insurance, influenced by economic hardship, provincial initiatives and federal legislation. Saskatchewan and Tommy Douglas are important historical references; modern coverage is governed by laws and current policies, not historical anecdotes.
教材介绍加拿大从家庭自己承担医疗费用，逐渐建立公共医疗保险制度的历史；经济危机、省级改革和联邦立法都推动了这一过程。萨斯喀彻温省与 Tommy Douglas 是重要历史案例，但今天的实际保险规定仍以现行法律和政策为准。
Core Knowledge / 核心知识点
✓
Before broad public insurance, medical bills could become a serious financial burden.
公共医疗保险普及前，医疗账单可能给家庭造成沉重经济负担。
✓
Provincial experiments and federal cost sharing shaped modern medicare.
省级先行改革与联邦成本分担制度共同塑造现代医保。
✓
Separate historical milestones from the five current Canada Health Act criteria.
将历史里程碑和现行《加拿大卫生法》五大原则分开记忆。
Exam Vocabulary & American English Audio / 考试词汇与美音朗读
Press 🔊 to listen to the English term or its example sentence. Adjust voice and speed above. 点击喇叭朗读英文单词或例句，可在上方调节声音和速度。
evolution
演变／发展
Gradual change over time.
事物随时间逐步变化。
The chapter reviews the evolution of medicare.
premium
保险费
Payment for an insurance policy.
购买某项保险的费用。
Some supplementary plans charge premiums.
cost sharing
费用分担
Expenses financed by more than one party.
由多个主体共同承担费用。
Federal and provincial cost sharing supports care.
legislation
立法／法律
Rules enacted by a law-making authority.
由立法机关制定的正式法律。
Legislation shapes health coverage.
Tommy Douglas
汤米·道格拉斯
Historical political leader associated with medicare reforms.
与加拿大公共医疗改革相关的历史政治人物。
Tommy Douglas is linked to medicare history.
Exam Tip / 考试提示
History questions often ask WHO or WHY; distinguish historical figures from current law and program administration.
历史题常问 WHO（谁）和 WHY（为什么）；区分历史人物、现行法律及具体医保管理部门。
Quick Quiz / 知识点即时模拟考试
5 original multiple-choice questions: 2 scenario/concept checks + 3 language questions. 答案须先提交后查看完整中英文逐项解析；英文考试模式可隐藏中文题干。
Q1. Application / 应用
What was an important reason Canada developed publicly funded health insurance?加拿大发展公共医疗保险的一个重要原因是什么？
Reason / Reasoning: Large medical bills had prevented some families from seeking timely care.
答案原因：沉重医疗费用曾使部分家庭无法及时就医。
A. × The system does not insure every possible service.
并非所有服务都纳入保障。
B. × Insurance pays for care; it does not replace caregivers.
医保资助照护，不会代替专业人员。
C. × Provinces remain central to administering care.
各省仍承担医疗管理的重要职责。
D. ✓ Large medical bills had prevented some families from seeking timely care.
沉重医疗费用曾使部分家庭无法及时就医。
Q2. Concept / 概念
Which statement about evolution of public health insurance and tommy douglas is the MOST accurate?关于“加拿大医保历史与 Tommy Douglas”，哪项陈述最准确？
Reason / Reasoning: Before broad public insurance, medical bills could become a serious financial burden.
答案原因：公共医疗保险普及前，医疗账单可能给家庭造成沉重经济负担。
A. × Public insurance plans are not administered by PSWs.
公共医保并不由 PSW 管理。
B. × Funding criteria and levels of care are different concepts.
医保原则与医疗层级是两类概念。
C. ✓ This is the knowledge point described in the lesson.
这正是本小节解释的正确知识点。
D. × Coverage depends on the plan and service.
受保情况取决于项目和计划。
Q3. Vocabulary / 词汇
What does the English PSW term “evolution” mean in Chinese?PSW 英文词汇 “evolution” 的中文含义是什么？
Reason / Reasoning: evolution: Gradual change over time.
答案原因：evolution：事物随时间逐步变化。
A. × This describes premium: Payment for an insurance policy.
该选项是 premium：购买某项保险的费用。
B. ✓ Correct: evolution means Gradual change over time.
正确：evolution 意为 事物随时间逐步变化。
C. × This describes legislation: Rules enacted by a law-making authority.
该选项是 legislation：由立法机关制定的正式法律。
D. × This describes Tommy Douglas: Historical political leader associated with medicare reforms.
该选项是 Tommy Douglas：与加拿大公共医疗改革相关的历史政治人物。
Q4. Vocabulary / 词汇
Which English term means “费用分担”?“费用分担” 对应哪个英文专业词汇？
Reason / Reasoning: cost sharing: Expenses financed by more than one party.
答案原因：cost sharing：由多个主体共同承担费用。
A. ✓ Correct: cost sharing means Expenses financed by more than one party.
正确：cost sharing 的意思是 由多个主体共同承担费用。
B. × This word actually means Historical political leader associated with medicare reforms.
该词实际意思为：与加拿大公共医疗改革相关的历史政治人物。
C. × This word actually means Gradual change over time.
该词实际意思为：事物随时间逐步变化。
D. × This word actually means Rules enacted by a law-making authority.
该词实际意思为：由立法机关制定的正式法律。
Q5. Vocabulary / 词汇
Choose the best English meaning of “Tommy Douglas”.请选出 “Tommy Douglas” 最准确的英文解释。
Reason / Reasoning: Tommy Douglas: Historical political leader associated with medicare reforms.
答案原因：Tommy Douglas：与加拿大公共医疗改革相关的历史政治人物。
A. × This is the definition of cost sharing, not Tommy Douglas.
这是 cost sharing 的解释，不是 Tommy Douglas。
B. ✓ Correct: this defines Tommy Douglas.
正确：这是 Tommy Douglas 的解释。
C. × This is the definition of evolution, not Tommy Douglas.
这是 evolution 的解释，不是 Tommy Douglas。
D. × This is the definition of premium, not Tommy Douglas.
这是 premium 的解释，不是 Tommy Douglas。
Learning Unit 02.04 · Textbook printed pp. 23–24 · PDF pp. 55–56
Federal, provincial and Indigenous health responsibilities
联邦、省级与原住民健康服务职责
Canadian health responsibilities are shared rather than handled by a single agency. The chapter describes federal financing and national activities, provincial/territorial service delivery, and historical health service inequalities affecting First Nations, Inuit and Métis communities. Exact service arrangements evolve and should be verified against current policy.
加拿大医疗工作由多个政府和机构共同承担，并非单一部门包办。教材涉及联邦资金与国家层面活动、省／地区实际服务，以及影响第一民族、因纽特和梅蒂斯群体的历史医疗不平等。具体安排会变化，实践中应依据最新政策核实。
Core Knowledge / 核心知识点
✓
Provincial and territorial governments organize and administer much of the insured health care delivery.
省和地区政府组织与管理大量受保医疗服务。
✓
Federal roles include national standards, transfers and some specific program responsibilities; details should be verified.
联邦职责包括国家标准、转移支付和部分特定项目；具体细则需核实。
✓
Avoid assumptions about Indigenous identity, health practices or eligibility; ask respectfully and follow the care plan.
不要依据原住民身份推断个人的习惯或保险资格；要尊重询问并遵循护理计划。
Exam Vocabulary & American English Audio / 考试词汇与美音朗读
Press 🔊 to listen to the English term or its example sentence. Adjust voice and speed above. 点击喇叭朗读英文单词或例句，可在上方调节声音和速度。
federal government
联邦政府
Canada-wide government.
负责全国层面事务的政府。
The federal government provides health transfers.
provincial government
省政府
Government responsible for many provincial health services.
负责省内许多医疗服务的政府。
Provincial governments administer health plans.
Indigenous Peoples
原住民群体
Collective term including First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples.
包括第一民族、因纽特和梅蒂斯群体的统称。
Respect Indigenous Peoples’ health practices.
health inequity
健康不公平
Unfair and avoidable differences in health opportunities.
不公平且可避免的健康机会差异。
Health inequities can affect access to care.
cultural safety
文化安全
Care that avoids discrimination and respects the person’s identity and experience.
避免歧视、尊重个人身份与经历的照护。
Provide culturally safe support.
Exam Tip / 考试提示
Do not stereotype. A culturally safe answer asks about the individual’s preferences rather than assuming them.
不要刻板化：文化安全题的最佳答案通常是询问个人偏好，而不是依据族群身份猜测。
Quick Quiz / 知识点即时模拟考试
5 original multiple-choice questions: 2 scenario/concept checks + 3 language questions. 答案须先提交后查看完整中英文逐项解析；英文考试模式可隐藏中文题干。
Q1. Application / 应用
A client requests a traditional cultural practice during care. What is the BEST PSW response?客户在照护中希望保留某项传统文化习惯，PSW 最适当的反应是？
Reason / Reasoning: Individualized, culturally safe care respects personal beliefs while addressing safety.
答案原因：文化安全与个别化照护既尊重个人信念，也兼顾安全。
A. × Unfamiliarity alone is not a reason for disrespect.
不了解不等于可以不尊重。
B. × Stereotyping ignores individual differences.
刻板印象忽略个人差异。
C. ✓ Individualized, culturally safe care respects personal beliefs while addressing safety.
文化安全与个别化照护既尊重个人信念，也兼顾安全。
D. × Respect and safety must both be considered.
尊重与安全必须兼顾。
Q2. Concept / 概念
Which statement about federal, provincial and indigenous health responsibilities is the MOST accurate?关于“联邦、省级与原住民健康服务职责”，哪项陈述最准确？
Reason / Reasoning: Provincial and territorial governments organize and administer much of the insured health care delivery.
答案原因：省和地区政府组织与管理大量受保医疗服务。
A. ✓ This is the knowledge point described in the lesson.
这正是本小节解释的正确知识点。
B. × Public insurance plans are not administered by PSWs.
公共医保并不由 PSW 管理。
C. × Funding criteria and levels of care are different concepts.
医保原则与医疗层级是两类概念。
D. × Coverage depends on the plan and service.
受保情况取决于项目和计划。
Q3. Vocabulary / 词汇
What does the English PSW term “federal government” mean in Chinese?PSW 英文词汇 “federal government” 的中文含义是什么？
Reason / Reasoning: federal government: Canada-wide government.
答案原因：federal government：负责全国层面事务的政府。
A. × This describes provincial government: Government responsible for many provincial health services.
该选项是 provincial government：负责省内许多医疗服务的政府。
B. ✓ Correct: federal government means Canada-wide government.
正确：federal government 意为 负责全国层面事务的政府。
C. × This describes Indigenous Peoples: Collective term including First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples.
该选项是 Indigenous Peoples：包括第一民族、因纽特和梅蒂斯群体的统称。
D. × This describes cultural safety: Care that avoids discrimination and respects the person’s identity and experience.
该选项是 cultural safety：避免歧视、尊重个人身份与经历的照护。
Q4. Vocabulary / 词汇
Which English term means “原住民群体”?“原住民群体” 对应哪个英文专业词汇？
Reason / Reasoning: Indigenous Peoples: Collective term including First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples.
答案原因：Indigenous Peoples：包括第一民族、因纽特和梅蒂斯群体的统称。
A. × This word actually means Unfair and avoidable differences in health opportunities.
该词实际意思为：不公平且可避免的健康机会差异。
B. × This word actually means Canada-wide government.
该词实际意思为：负责全国层面事务的政府。
C. ✓ Correct: Indigenous Peoples means Collective term including First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples.
正确：Indigenous Peoples 的意思是 包括第一民族、因纽特和梅蒂斯群体的统称。
D. × This word actually means Government responsible for many provincial health services.
该词实际意思为：负责省内许多医疗服务的政府。
Q5. Vocabulary / 词汇
Choose the best English meaning of “cultural safety”.请选出 “cultural safety” 最准确的英文解释。
Reason / Reasoning: cultural safety: Care that avoids discrimination and respects the person’s identity and experience.
答案原因：cultural safety：避免歧视、尊重个人身份与经历的照护。
A. × This is the definition of federal government, not cultural safety.
这是 federal government 的解释，不是 cultural safety。
B. × This is the definition of health inequity, not cultural safety.
这是 health inequity 的解释，不是 cultural safety。
C. ✓ Correct: this defines cultural safety.
正确：这是 cultural safety 的解释。
D. × This is the definition of Indigenous Peoples, not cultural safety.
这是 Indigenous Peoples 的解释，不是 cultural safety。
Learning Unit 02.05 · Textbook printed pp. 24–25 · PDF pp. 56–57
Holistic health and traditional healing practices
整体健康观与传统疗法
The book describes holistic approaches recognizing physical, mental, emotional and spiritual dimensions of wellness, and discusses traditional Indigenous healing. A PSW does not prescribe or judge therapies; instead, listen without stereotypes, report interactions or safety concerns and follow team guidance.
教材介绍身体、心理、情绪和精神／灵性多个维度的整体健康观，也讨论原住民传统疗法。PSW 不负责自行开立或评判治疗方法，而应避免偏见、倾听客户需要，并在存在相互作用或安全疑虑时向团队报告。
Core Knowledge / 核心知识点
✓
Holistic care considers the entire person, including social and cultural context.
整体照护考虑完整的人，包括社交和文化背景。
✓
Respect does not require a worker to independently approve or administer unfamiliar remedies.
尊重不意味着 PSW 可以自行批准或使用不熟悉的疗法。
✓
When a remedy could interact with treatment or violate instructions, raise concerns through proper channels.
传统用品可能影响治疗或与指令冲突时，应通过适当渠道反馈。
Exam Vocabulary & American English Audio / 考试词汇与美音朗读
Press 🔊 to listen to the English term or its example sentence. Adjust voice and speed above. 点击喇叭朗读英文单词或例句，可在上方调节声音和速度。
holistic
整体的
Considering multiple connected aspects of a person.
综合考虑一个人各方面相互联系的情况。
Holistic care considers emotional well-being.
traditional healing
传统疗法
Health practices originating in particular cultural traditions.
源自特定文化传统的健康实践。
Ask about traditional healing respectfully.
spiritual
精神／灵性方面的
Related to personal meaning, values or beliefs.
与人生意义、价值观或信念有关。
Respect spiritual needs.
wellness
健康良好状态
Overall state of well-being.
整体身心健康状态。
Wellness includes more than absence of illness.
stereotype
刻板印象
Oversimplified assumption about a group.
对某个群体过度概括的假设。
Avoid stereotypes about clients.
Exam Tip / 考试提示
EXCEPT traps: respect for culture does NOT mean abandoning safety, authorization or the care plan.
EXCEPT 陷阱：尊重文化不代表可以忽略安全、授权或护理计划。
Quick Quiz / 知识点即时模拟考试
5 original multiple-choice questions: 2 scenario/concept checks + 3 language questions. 答案须先提交后查看完整中英文逐项解析；英文考试模式可隐藏中文题干。
Q1. Application / 应用
A client mentions taking an unfamiliar herbal product. What is the PSW’s BEST action?客户说自己正在服用一种 PSW 不熟悉的草药产品，最合适的做法是？
Reason / Reasoning: A PSW does not independently assess medication interactions or approve remedies.
答案原因：PSW 不自行判断药物相互作用或批准疗法。
A. × Treatment decisions are outside independent PSW authority.
治疗决定不属于 PSW 自主权限。
B. ✓ A PSW does not independently assess medication interactions or approve remedies.
PSW 不自行判断药物相互作用或批准疗法。
C. × Natural products can have risks.
天然产品也可能有风险。
D. × Mockery violates respect and cultural safety.
嘲讽违反尊重与文化安全。
Q2. Concept / 概念
Which statement about holistic health and traditional healing practices is the MOST accurate?关于“整体健康观与传统疗法”，哪项陈述最准确？
Reason / Reasoning: Holistic care considers the entire person, including social and cultural context.
答案原因：整体照护考虑完整的人，包括社交和文化背景。
A. × Public insurance plans are not administered by PSWs.
公共医保并不由 PSW 管理。
B. ✓ This is the knowledge point described in the lesson.
这正是本小节解释的正确知识点。
C. × Coverage depends on the plan and service.
受保情况取决于项目和计划。
D. × Funding criteria and levels of care are different concepts.
医保原则与医疗层级是两类概念。
Q3. Vocabulary / 词汇
What does the English PSW term “holistic” mean in Chinese?PSW 英文词汇 “holistic” 的中文含义是什么？
Reason / Reasoning: holistic: Considering multiple connected aspects of a person.
答案原因：holistic：综合考虑一个人各方面相互联系的情况。
A. × This describes traditional healing: Health practices originating in particular cultural traditions.
该选项是 traditional healing：源自特定文化传统的健康实践。
B. × This describes wellness: Overall state of well-being.
该选项是 wellness：整体身心健康状态。
C. ✓ Correct: holistic means Considering multiple connected aspects of a person.
正确：holistic 意为 综合考虑一个人各方面相互联系的情况。
D. × This describes stereotype: Oversimplified assumption about a group.
该选项是 stereotype：对某个群体过度概括的假设。
Q4. Vocabulary / 词汇
Which English term means “精神／灵性方面的”?“精神／灵性方面的” 对应哪个英文专业词汇？
Reason / Reasoning: spiritual: Related to personal meaning, values or beliefs.
答案原因：spiritual：与人生意义、价值观或信念有关。
A. ✓ Correct: spiritual means Related to personal meaning, values or beliefs.
正确：spiritual 的意思是 与人生意义、价值观或信念有关。
B. × This word actually means Oversimplified assumption about a group.
该词实际意思为：对某个群体过度概括的假设。
C. × This word actually means Health practices originating in particular cultural traditions.
该词实际意思为：源自特定文化传统的健康实践。
D. × This word actually means Considering multiple connected aspects of a person.
该词实际意思为：综合考虑一个人各方面相互联系的情况。
Q5. Vocabulary / 词汇
Choose the best English meaning of “stereotype”.请选出 “stereotype” 最准确的英文解释。
Reason / Reasoning: stereotype: Oversimplified assumption about a group.
答案原因：stereotype：对某个群体过度概括的假设。
A. × This is the definition of holistic, not stereotype.
这是 holistic 的解释，不是 stereotype。
B. × This is the definition of traditional healing, not stereotype.
这是 traditional healing 的解释，不是 stereotype。
C. × This is the definition of wellness, not stereotype.
这是 wellness 的解释，不是 stereotype。
D. ✓ Correct: this defines stereotype.
正确：这是 stereotype 的解释。
Learning Unit 02.06 · Textbook printed pp. 25–26 · PDF pp. 57–58
Primary care, prevention and health promotion
初级医疗、疾病预防与健康促进
Primary health care is often the first contact with the system and may involve family doctors, nurses, nurse practitioners, clinics or virtual services. It emphasizes prevention, early identification, follow-up and health promotion. The PSW supports client routines and reports concerns; diagnosis remains with qualified professionals.
初级医疗是接触医疗系统的常见第一站，可能由家庭医生、护士、执业护士、诊所或远程医疗服务提供。它强调预防、早期发现、随访和健康促进。PSW 可支持健康生活习惯并报告问题，但不自行诊断。
Core Knowledge / 核心知识点
✓
Primary does not mean “unimportant”; it often addresses issues before they worsen.
Primary（初级）不表示“不重要”；它常在问题恶化前提供帮助。
✓
Health promotion helps people make informed choices; prevention reduces the risk of illness or injury.
健康促进帮助人们作出知情选择；预防工作减少疾病或受伤风险。
✓
Encourage agreed health routines within the plan of care; do not independently prescribe lifestyle treatment.
可根据护理计划鼓励健康习惯，但不自行开具生活方式治疗处方。
Exam Vocabulary & American English Audio / 考试词汇与美音朗读
Press 🔊 to listen to the English term or its example sentence. Adjust voice and speed above. 点击喇叭朗读英文单词或例句，可在上方调节声音和速度。
primary care
初级医疗／基层医疗
Usual first contact for common health needs.
处理常见健康需要的第一线接触点。
A family clinic provides primary care.
health promotion
健康促进
Helping people improve health through choices and supports.
通过信息及支持帮助人们改善健康。
Health promotion includes education.
disease prevention
疾病预防
Actions reducing chances of disease or injury.
减少疾病或伤害发生机会的措施。
Hand hygiene supports disease prevention.
early detection
早期发现
Recognizing a condition before it becomes more serious.
在问题变严重前识别它。
Early detection supports timely care.
telehealth
远程医疗咨询
Care advice delivered by phone or electronic communication.
通过电话或电子方式提供的医疗咨询。
Telehealth can improve access to advice.
Exam Tip / 考试提示
A question about first contact with the system points to PRIMARY care, not tertiary intensive specialty treatment.
题干出现“首次接触医疗系统”一般对应 PRIMARY care，不是高度专科的三级治疗。
Quick Quiz / 知识点即时模拟考试
5 original multiple-choice questions: 2 scenario/concept checks + 3 language questions. 答案须先提交后查看完整中英文逐项解析；英文考试模式可隐藏中文题干。
Q1. Application / 应用
A person contacts a community clinic for an initial health concern. What level of care is this most likely?一个人因初步健康问题联系社区诊所，这最可能是哪一层医疗服务？
Reason / Reasoning: Community clinics are common first points of contact for general health needs.
答案原因：社区诊所是常见的初级健康需求接触点。
A. × Quaternary involves even more specialized or experimental care.
四级医疗更专门化，可能涉及实验性服务。
B. × Tertiary involves highly specialized services.
三级医疗提供高度专门化服务。
C. × Primary care is part of the system.
初级医疗就是医疗体系一部分。
D. ✓ Community clinics are common first points of contact for general health needs.
社区诊所是常见的初级健康需求接触点。
Q2. Concept / 概念
Which statement about primary care, prevention and health promotion is the MOST accurate?关于“初级医疗、疾病预防与健康促进”，哪项陈述最准确？
Reason / Reasoning: Primary does not mean “unimportant”; it often addresses issues before they worsen.
答案原因：Primary（初级）不表示“不重要”；它常在问题恶化前提供帮助。
A. × Funding criteria and levels of care are different concepts.
医保原则与医疗层级是两类概念。
B. × Public insurance plans are not administered by PSWs.
公共医保并不由 PSW 管理。
C. ✓ This is the knowledge point described in the lesson.
这正是本小节解释的正确知识点。
D. × Coverage depends on the plan and service.
受保情况取决于项目和计划。
Q3. Vocabulary / 词汇
What does the English PSW term “primary care” mean in Chinese?PSW 英文词汇 “primary care” 的中文含义是什么？
Reason / Reasoning: primary care: Usual first contact for common health needs.
答案原因：primary care：处理常见健康需要的第一线接触点。
A. × This describes early detection: Recognizing a condition before it becomes more serious.
该选项是 early detection：在问题变严重前识别它。
B. ✓ Correct: primary care means Usual first contact for common health needs.
正确：primary care 意为 处理常见健康需要的第一线接触点。
C. × This describes health promotion: Helping people improve health through choices and supports.
该选项是 health promotion：通过信息及支持帮助人们改善健康。
D. × This describes telehealth: Care advice delivered by phone or electronic communication.
该选项是 telehealth：通过电话或电子方式提供的医疗咨询。
Q4. Vocabulary / 词汇
Which English term means “疾病预防”?“疾病预防” 对应哪个英文专业词汇？
Reason / Reasoning: disease prevention: Actions reducing chances of disease or injury.
答案原因：disease prevention：减少疾病或伤害发生机会的措施。
A. ✓ Correct: disease prevention means Actions reducing chances of disease or injury.
正确：disease prevention 的意思是 减少疾病或伤害发生机会的措施。
B. × This word actually means Care advice delivered by phone or electronic communication.
该词实际意思为：通过电话或电子方式提供的医疗咨询。
C. × This word actually means Usual first contact for common health needs.
该词实际意思为：处理常见健康需要的第一线接触点。
D. × This word actually means Recognizing a condition before it becomes more serious.
该词实际意思为：在问题变严重前识别它。
Q5. Vocabulary / 词汇
Choose the best English meaning of “telehealth”.请选出 “telehealth” 最准确的英文解释。
Reason / Reasoning: telehealth: Care advice delivered by phone or electronic communication.
答案原因：telehealth：通过电话或电子方式提供的医疗咨询。
A. × This is the definition of health promotion, not telehealth.
这是 health promotion 的解释，不是 telehealth。
B. × This is the definition of primary care, not telehealth.
这是 primary care 的解释，不是 telehealth。
C. × This is the definition of early detection, not telehealth.
这是 early detection 的解释，不是 telehealth。
D. ✓ Correct: this defines telehealth.
正确：这是 telehealth 的解释。
Learning Unit 02.07 · Textbook printed pp. 26–27 · PDF pp. 58–59
Secondary, tertiary and quaternary care
二级、三级与四级医疗服务
Secondary services often involve referral to specialized clinicians for diagnosis or treatment; tertiary services are highly specialized and commonly provided by large teaching or referral centres. Quaternary care refers to a further level of highly complex or experimental specialty care. The levels are not a ranking of patient worth.
二级医疗通常涉及转诊到专科人员进行诊断或治疗；三级医疗属于高度专业化服务，常在大型教学或转诊医疗中心提供；四级医疗代表更进一步的复杂或实验性专科照护。这是服务复杂程度之分，不是人的价值高低。
Core Knowledge / 核心知识点
✓
A family doctor referring a person to a cardiologist is a common secondary care example.
家庭医生转诊心脏专科是二级医疗的典型例子。
✓
An advanced specialist unit or highly complex tertiary hospital service differs from a routine community visit.
大型专科单位或复杂三级医院服务与普通社区就诊不同。
✓
PSWs in specialized settings need appropriate additional training and clearly assigned tasks.
PSW 在高度专业化场所工作时，需要相应培训及明确分工。
Exam Vocabulary & American English Audio / 考试词汇与美音朗读
Press 🔊 to listen to the English term or its example sentence. Adjust voice and speed above. 点击喇叭朗读英文单词或例句，可在上方调节声音和速度。
secondary care
二级医疗
Specialist evaluation or treatment often after referral.
通常在转诊后进行的专科评估与治疗。
A specialist consultation is secondary care.
tertiary care
三级医疗
Advanced specialized hospital-based care.
医院提供的高级专门医疗。
Tertiary care may involve complex units.
quaternary care
四级医疗
Extremely specialized or experimental medical care.
极高度专门或实验性医疗。
Quaternary services may be available at major centres.
referral
转诊
Directing someone to another qualified service or specialist.
把患者转交给合适专科或服务机构。
A referral may lead to specialist care.
specialist
专科医生／专业人员
Clinician with focused advanced expertise.
在某领域有较深入专长的临床人员。
The specialist assesses a heart condition.
Exam Tip / 考试提示
Stem clues: family doctor/first point = primary; specialist referral = secondary; advanced hospital specialty = tertiary.
题干线索：家庭医生/第一站 = 初级；专科转诊 = 二级；高复杂医院专科 = 三级。
Quick Quiz / 知识点即时模拟考试
5 original multiple-choice questions: 2 scenario/concept checks + 3 language questions. 答案须先提交后查看完整中英文逐项解析；英文考试模式可隐藏中文题干。
Q1. Application / 应用
A family physician refers a client to a specialist for a complex heart evaluation. What level is illustrated?家庭医生把客户转给心脏专科评估复杂问题，这说明哪个医疗层级？
Reason / Reasoning: A specialist referral is a common secondary-care pathway.
答案原因：转诊专科是二级医疗的常见模式。
A. × Public administration is an insurance principle, not a care level.
公共管理是医保原则，不是医疗层级。
B. ✓ A specialist referral is a common secondary-care pathway.
转诊专科是二级医疗的常见模式。
C. × The scenario explicitly involves specialist referral.
题干明确说明专科转诊。
D. × Housekeeping is not a level of clinical specialist care.
家务服务不是专科医疗层级。
Q2. Concept / 概念
Which statement about secondary, tertiary and quaternary care is the MOST accurate?关于“二级、三级与四级医疗服务”，哪项陈述最准确？
Reason / Reasoning: A family doctor referring a person to a cardiologist is a common secondary care example.
答案原因：家庭医生转诊心脏专科是二级医疗的典型例子。
A. × Funding criteria and levels of care are different concepts.
医保原则与医疗层级是两类概念。
B. × Coverage depends on the plan and service.
受保情况取决于项目和计划。
C. × Public insurance plans are not administered by PSWs.
公共医保并不由 PSW 管理。
D. ✓ This is the knowledge point described in the lesson.
这正是本小节解释的正确知识点。
Q3. Vocabulary / 词汇
What does the English PSW term “secondary care” mean in Chinese?PSW 英文词汇 “secondary care” 的中文含义是什么？
Reason / Reasoning: secondary care: Specialist evaluation or treatment often after referral.
答案原因：secondary care：通常在转诊后进行的专科评估与治疗。
A. × This describes specialist: Clinician with focused advanced expertise.
该选项是 specialist：在某领域有较深入专长的临床人员。
B. × This describes tertiary care: Advanced specialized hospital-based care.
该选项是 tertiary care：医院提供的高级专门医疗。
C. × This describes referral: Directing someone to another qualified service or specialist.
该选项是 referral：把患者转交给合适专科或服务机构。
D. ✓ Correct: secondary care means Specialist evaluation or treatment often after referral.
正确：secondary care 意为 通常在转诊后进行的专科评估与治疗。
Q4. Vocabulary / 词汇
Which English term means “四级医疗”?“四级医疗” 对应哪个英文专业词汇？
Reason / Reasoning: quaternary care: Extremely specialized or experimental medical care.
答案原因：quaternary care：极高度专门或实验性医疗。
A. × This word actually means Specialist evaluation or treatment often after referral.
该词实际意思为：通常在转诊后进行的专科评估与治疗。
B. × This word actually means Clinician with focused advanced expertise.
该词实际意思为：在某领域有较深入专长的临床人员。
C. × This word actually means Advanced specialized hospital-based care.
该词实际意思为：医院提供的高级专门医疗。
D. ✓ Correct: quaternary care means Extremely specialized or experimental medical care.
正确：quaternary care 的意思是 极高度专门或实验性医疗。
Q5. Vocabulary / 词汇
Choose the best English meaning of “specialist”.请选出 “specialist” 最准确的英文解释。
Reason / Reasoning: specialist: Clinician with focused advanced expertise.
答案原因：specialist：在某领域有较深入专长的临床人员。
A. × This is the definition of referral, not specialist.
这是 referral 的解释，不是 specialist。
B. ✓ Correct: this defines specialist.
正确：这是 specialist 的解释。
C. × This is the definition of quaternary care, not specialist.
这是 quaternary care 的解释，不是 specialist。
D. × This is the definition of secondary care, not specialist.
这是 secondary care 的解释，不是 specialist。
Learning Unit 02.08 · Textbook printed pp. 27–28 · PDF pp. 59–60
Home care, community services and continuity
居家照护、社区服务与连续性
Home care delivers health and support services in the client’s place of residence. Community-based resources can help people remain at home and reduce avoidable hospital stays. Coordinated transitions, accurate observations, and respect for individual preferences matter across all settings.
居家护理是在服务对象居所提供健康和支持服务。社区资源可帮助人们尽可能居家生活，减少不必要的住院。不同场所转换时，协调沟通、准确报告观察结果和尊重个人偏好都很重要。
Core Knowledge / 核心知识点
✓
Home care can involve professional nursing, PSW assistance, rehabilitation and social services.
居家服务可能包含专业护理、PSW 协助、康复和社会服务。
✓
Support with safe daily living may help prevent avoidable emergencies or unnecessary institutional care.
提供安全的日常生活支持，有助于减少可避免的急诊或机构照护。
✓
The PSW follows the care plan and informs the team about changes; the PSW does not independently determine discharge plans.
PSW 遵循护理计划并报告变化；不独立决定出院或服务安排。
Exam Vocabulary & American English Audio / 考试词汇与美音朗读
Press 🔊 to listen to the English term or its example sentence. Adjust voice and speed above. 点击喇叭朗读英文单词或例句，可在上方调节声音和速度。
home care
居家护理
Services delivered in the person’s residence.
在个人住处提供的照护服务。
Home care supports living in the community.
community-based service
社区服务
Support available outside a hospital or large institution.
在医院或大型机构外提供的服务。
Community-based services assist older adults.
continuity of care
护理连续性
Coordinated support across staff, shifts and settings.
跨人员、班次和场所协调一致的照护。
Accurate handovers support continuity of care.
transition
转衔／转换照护场所
Change from one service or care setting to another.
从一种服务或照护场所转到另一种。
Support safe transitions between care settings.
discharge
出院
Formal release from a hospital or facility.
正式结束住院或机构照护。
The nurse explains the discharge plan.
Exam Tip / 考试提示
Do not confuse HOME CARE (place where care is delivered) with PRIMARY CARE (level or first contact of medical service).
HOME CARE 是服务地点／方式；PRIMARY CARE 是初级医疗层级，不要混淆。
Quick Quiz / 知识点即时模拟考试
5 original multiple-choice questions: 2 scenario/concept checks + 3 language questions. 答案须先提交后查看完整中英文逐项解析；英文考试模式可隐藏中文题干。
Q1. Application / 应用
Which statement is most accurate about home care?关于居家护理，哪句话最准确？
Reason / Reasoning: Home care includes more than housekeeping and may combine clinical and supportive services.
答案原因：居家照护不只是清洁，可能兼有医疗与生活支持。
A. × Home care can provide varied services.
居家照护内容很多样。
B. ✓ Home care includes more than housekeeping and may combine clinical and supportive services.
居家照护不只是清洁，可能兼有医疗与生活支持。
C. × Individualized care plans guide home services.
护理计划是居家服务的重要依据。
D. × The PSW does not replace physicians.
PSW 不是医生。
Q2. Concept / 概念
Which statement about home care, community services and continuity is the MOST accurate?关于“居家照护、社区服务与连续性”，哪项陈述最准确？
Reason / Reasoning: Home care can involve professional nursing, PSW assistance, rehabilitation and social services.
答案原因：居家服务可能包含专业护理、PSW 协助、康复和社会服务。
A. × Funding criteria and levels of care are different concepts.
医保原则与医疗层级是两类概念。
B. × Coverage depends on the plan and service.
受保情况取决于项目和计划。
C. × Public insurance plans are not administered by PSWs.
公共医保并不由 PSW 管理。
D. ✓ This is the knowledge point described in the lesson.
这正是本小节解释的正确知识点。
Q3. Vocabulary / 词汇
What does the English PSW term “home care” mean in Chinese?PSW 英文词汇 “home care” 的中文含义是什么？
Reason / Reasoning: home care: Services delivered in the person’s residence.
答案原因：home care：在个人住处提供的照护服务。
A. × This describes continuity of care: Coordinated support across staff, shifts and settings.
该选项是 continuity of care：跨人员、班次和场所协调一致的照护。
B. ✓ Correct: home care means Services delivered in the person’s residence.
正确：home care 意为 在个人住处提供的照护服务。
C. × This describes community-based service: Support available outside a hospital or large institution.
该选项是 community-based service：在医院或大型机构外提供的服务。
D. × This describes transition: Change from one service or care setting to another.
该选项是 transition：从一种服务或照护场所转到另一种。
Q4. Vocabulary / 词汇
Which English term means “护理连续性”?“护理连续性” 对应哪个英文专业词汇？
Reason / Reasoning: continuity of care: Coordinated support across staff, shifts and settings.
答案原因：continuity of care：跨人员、班次和场所协调一致的照护。
A. ✓ Correct: continuity of care means Coordinated support across staff, shifts and settings.
正确：continuity of care 的意思是 跨人员、班次和场所协调一致的照护。
B. × This word actually means Formal release from a hospital or facility.
该词实际意思为：正式结束住院或机构照护。
C. × This word actually means Services delivered in the person’s residence.
该词实际意思为：在个人住处提供的照护服务。
D. × This word actually means Change from one service or care setting to another.
该词实际意思为：从一种服务或照护场所转到另一种。
Q5. Vocabulary / 词汇
Choose the best English meaning of “discharge”.请选出 “discharge” 最准确的英文解释。
Reason / Reasoning: discharge: Formal release from a hospital or facility.
答案原因：discharge：正式结束住院或机构照护。
A. × This is the definition of community-based service, not discharge.
这是 community-based service 的解释，不是 discharge。
B. ✓ Correct: this defines discharge.
正确：这是 discharge 的解释。
C. × This is the definition of home care, not discharge.
这是 home care 的解释，不是 discharge。
D. × This is the definition of continuity of care, not discharge.
这是 continuity of care 的解释，不是 discharge。
Learning Unit 02.09 · Textbook printed pp. 28–29 · PDF pp. 60–61
Federal–provincial administration and system coordination
联邦与省级管理及医疗体系协调
The text distinguishes the federal government’s financing and policy roles from provincial/territorial planning, financing and delivery of health insurance programs. A PSW does not administer insurance, but understanding the system helps explain why service eligibility and access can differ among locations.
教材区分联邦政府在资金与政策方面的角色，以及省／地区对医保计划的规划、筹资和提供服务的职责。PSW 不直接管理保险，但了解体系有助于理解为什么不同地区服务获得方式及资格可能不同。
Core Knowledge / 核心知识点
✓
Do not choose “federal government provides all direct care” in a question about provincial health plans.
若问省级医保管理，不要选“联邦政府直接提供全部护理”。
✓
Hospitals, community agencies, public-health services and care providers work within interlocking programs.
医院、社区机构、公共卫生部门与照护人员在相互关联的体系中合作。
✓
Refer eligibility, fees and service questions to appropriate administrative staff instead of giving unsupported promises.
服务资格、收费和受保情况应转给相关工作人员，不要做无依据承诺。
Exam Vocabulary & American English Audio / 考试词汇与美音朗读
Press 🔊 to listen to the English term or its example sentence. Adjust voice and speed above. 点击喇叭朗读英文单词或例句，可在上方调节声音和速度。
administration
管理／行政运作
Operation and oversight of a program.
负责一个项目的运作及监督。
The province administers health insurance.
funding
资金
Money supporting a service or program.
支持服务或项目的资金。
Public funding helps pay for insured care.
delivery of care
医疗服务提供
Actual provision of care to people.
向人们实际提供医疗服务。
Provinces organize delivery of care.
eligible
符合资格的
Meeting defined requirements.
满足规定的资格条件。
Eligible residents have insured benefits.
coordinate
协调
Organize people or services to work together.
安排人员和服务共同运作。
Teams coordinate care between settings.
Exam Tip / 考试提示
Question word RESPONSIBLE FOR: identify which level of government plans the specific service instead of assuming federal control of all care.
看到 RESPONSIBLE FOR（由谁负责）时，先判断服务属于哪个政府层级，不要默认联邦包办。
Quick Quiz / 知识点即时模拟考试
5 original multiple-choice questions: 2 scenario/concept checks + 3 language questions. 答案须先提交后查看完整中英文逐项解析；英文考试模式可隐藏中文题干。
Q1. Application / 应用
Who generally administers provincial or territorial public health insurance plans?通常由谁管理省／地区公共医疗保险计划？
Reason / Reasoning: The provinces and territories manage their insurance programs within national criteria.
答案原因：省和地区在全国基本标准下管理本地医保计划。
A. × Volunteers do not administer provincial insurance plans.
医院义工不负责省级保险管理。
B. × PSWs provide support rather than administer insurance systems.
PSW 提供护理支持，不负责管理医保。
C. × Public plans are government-administered.
公共医保由政府管理。
D. ✓ The provinces and territories manage their insurance programs within national criteria.
省和地区在全国基本标准下管理本地医保计划。
Q2. Concept / 概念
Which statement about federal–provincial administration and system coordination is the MOST accurate?关于“联邦与省级管理及医疗体系协调”，哪项陈述最准确？
Reason / Reasoning: Do not choose “federal government provides all direct care” in a question about provincial health plans.
答案原因：若问省级医保管理，不要选“联邦政府直接提供全部护理”。
A. × Coverage depends on the plan and service.
受保情况取决于项目和计划。
B. × Funding criteria and levels of care are different concepts.
医保原则与医疗层级是两类概念。
C. × Public insurance plans are not administered by PSWs.
公共医保并不由 PSW 管理。
D. ✓ This is the knowledge point described in the lesson.
这正是本小节解释的正确知识点。
Q3. Vocabulary / 词汇
What does the English PSW term “administration” mean in Chinese?PSW 英文词汇 “administration” 的中文含义是什么？
Reason / Reasoning: administration: Operation and oversight of a program.
答案原因：administration：负责一个项目的运作及监督。
A. ✓ Correct: administration means Operation and oversight of a program.
正确：administration 意为 负责一个项目的运作及监督。
B. × This describes coordinate: Organize people or services to work together.
该选项是 coordinate：安排人员和服务共同运作。
C. × This describes delivery of care: Actual provision of care to people.
该选项是 delivery of care：向人们实际提供医疗服务。
D. × This describes eligible: Meeting defined requirements.
该选项是 eligible：满足规定的资格条件。
Q4. Vocabulary / 词汇
Which English term means “医疗服务提供”?“医疗服务提供” 对应哪个英文专业词汇？
Reason / Reasoning: delivery of care: Actual provision of care to people.
答案原因：delivery of care：向人们实际提供医疗服务。
A. × This word actually means Operation and oversight of a program.
该词实际意思为：负责一个项目的运作及监督。
B. × This word actually means Organize people or services to work together.
该词实际意思为：安排人员和服务共同运作。
C. × This word actually means Meeting defined requirements.
该词实际意思为：满足规定的资格条件。
D. ✓ Correct: delivery of care means Actual provision of care to people.
正确：delivery of care 的意思是 向人们实际提供医疗服务。
Q5. Vocabulary / 词汇
Choose the best English meaning of “coordinate”.请选出 “coordinate” 最准确的英文解释。
Reason / Reasoning: coordinate: Organize people or services to work together.
答案原因：coordinate：安排人员和服务共同运作。
A. × This is the definition of eligible, not coordinate.
这是 eligible 的解释，不是 coordinate。
B. × This is the definition of administration, not coordinate.
这是 administration 的解释，不是 coordinate。
C. ✓ Correct: this defines coordinate.
正确：这是 coordinate 的解释。
D. × This is the definition of funding, not coordinate.
这是 funding 的解释，不是 coordinate。
Learning Unit 02.10 · Textbook printed pp. 29–30 · PDF pp. 61–62
Current challenges: resources, aging and access
医疗体系挑战：资源、老龄化与可及性
The book discusses pressures including an aging population and workforce, health care costs, wait times, changing demand, chronic illness and unequal access. These are system-level challenges, not reasons for treating individual clients with less respect or for making promises about what care will be funded.
教材讨论医疗体系压力，例如人口与医护人员老龄化、成本、等候时间、长期疾病负担和服务获取不均。这些是体系层面的挑战，不能成为歧视个人或随便承诺保险支付的理由。
Core Knowledge / 核心知识点
✓
Older adults often need coordinated long-term support, not only brief hospital treatment.
老年人可能需要长期协调支持，不只是短期医院治疗。
✓
Wait times and staffing shortages can affect clients; communicate changes and concerns professionally.
等待时间和人手短缺可能影响客户；应专业地沟通变化与关切。
✓
Health equity asks how barriers affect different communities and whether care can be made more accessible.
健康公平关注不同群体面对的障碍，以及怎样改善可及性。
Exam Vocabulary & American English Audio / 考试词汇与美音朗读
Press 🔊 to listen to the English term or its example sentence. Adjust voice and speed above. 点击喇叭朗读英文单词或例句，可在上方调节声音和速度。
aging population
人口老龄化
Increasing share of older people in a population.
人口中老年人的比例增加。
An aging population increases care needs.
wait time
等候时间
Time before an appointment or service.
接受服务或预约前的等待时长。
Long wait times may affect access.
staffing shortage
人员短缺
Too few workers to meet service demand.
员工数量不足以满足服务需求。
Staffing shortages create workload pressures.
chronic illness
慢性／持续性疾病
Health problem that continues over time.
持续较长时间的健康问题。
Chronic illness may require long-term support.
health equity
健康公平
Fair opportunity to obtain health care and good health.
公平地获得健康服务和健康机会。
Health equity matters in all communities.
Exam Tip / 考试提示
When a question describes a SYSTEM CHALLENGE, choose a systemic issue (access, workforce, costs), not an unrelated patient diagnosis.
问医疗体系挑战时，答案通常涉及可及性、医护人员和成本，而不是随意诊断个人。
Quick Quiz / 知识点即时模拟考试
5 original multiple-choice questions: 2 scenario/concept checks + 3 language questions. 答案须先提交后查看完整中英文逐项解析；英文考试模式可隐藏中文题干。
Q1. Application / 应用
Which issue represents a system-level health care challenge rather than an individual PSW task?哪项属于医疗体系层面的挑战，而不是某位 PSW 的日常个人任务？
Reason / Reasoning: Population aging changes resource demand across the health system.
答案原因：人口老龄化会改变整个医疗体系的资源需求。
A. × Hand hygiene is an individual infection-prevention step.
洗手是个体感染预防步骤。
B. × Dressing is an individual ADL support task.
穿衣是个人日常生活协助。
C. ✓ Population aging changes resource demand across the health system.
人口老龄化会改变整个医疗体系的资源需求。
D. × This is individualized personal care.
这属于个别化个人照护。
Q2. Concept / 概念
Which statement about current challenges: resources, aging and access is the MOST accurate?关于“医疗体系挑战：资源、老龄化与可及性”，哪项陈述最准确？
Reason / Reasoning: Older adults often need coordinated long-term support, not only brief hospital treatment.
答案原因：老年人可能需要长期协调支持，不只是短期医院治疗。
A. × Funding criteria and levels of care are different concepts.
医保原则与医疗层级是两类概念。
B. ✓ This is the knowledge point described in the lesson.
这正是本小节解释的正确知识点。
C. × Public insurance plans are not administered by PSWs.
公共医保并不由 PSW 管理。
D. × Coverage depends on the plan and service.
受保情况取决于项目和计划。
Q3. Vocabulary / 词汇
What does the English PSW term “aging population” mean in Chinese?PSW 英文词汇 “aging population” 的中文含义是什么？
Reason / Reasoning: aging population: Increasing share of older people in a population.
答案原因：aging population：人口中老年人的比例增加。
A. × This describes health equity: Fair opportunity to obtain health care and good health.
该选项是 health equity：公平地获得健康服务和健康机会。
B. × This describes wait time: Time before an appointment or service.
该选项是 wait time：接受服务或预约前的等待时长。
C. ✓ Correct: aging population means Increasing share of older people in a population.
正确：aging population 意为 人口中老年人的比例增加。
D. × This describes staffing shortage: Too few workers to meet service demand.
该选项是 staffing shortage：员工数量不足以满足服务需求。
Q4. Vocabulary / 词汇
Which English term means “人员短缺”?“人员短缺” 对应哪个英文专业词汇？
Reason / Reasoning: staffing shortage: Too few workers to meet service demand.
答案原因：staffing shortage：员工数量不足以满足服务需求。
A. × This word actually means Fair opportunity to obtain health care and good health.
该词实际意思为：公平地获得健康服务和健康机会。
B. × This word actually means Time before an appointment or service.
该词实际意思为：接受服务或预约前的等待时长。
C. ✓ Correct: staffing shortage means Too few workers to meet service demand.
正确：staffing shortage 的意思是 员工数量不足以满足服务需求。
D. × This word actually means Health problem that continues over time.
该词实际意思为：持续较长时间的健康问题。
Q5. Vocabulary / 词汇
Choose the best English meaning of “health equity”.请选出 “health equity” 最准确的英文解释。
Reason / Reasoning: health equity: Fair opportunity to obtain health care and good health.
答案原因：health equity：公平地获得健康服务和健康机会。
A. × This is the definition of chronic illness, not health equity.
这是 chronic illness 的解释，不是 health equity。
B. × This is the definition of aging population, not health equity.
这是 aging population 的解释，不是 health equity。
C. × This is the definition of staffing shortage, not health equity.
这是 staffing shortage 的解释，不是 health equity。
D. ✓ Correct: this defines health equity.
正确：这是 health equity 的解释。
Learning Unit 02.11 · Textbook printed pp. 30–31 · PDF pp. 62–63
Supplementary services and insurance gaps
补充服务、保险与保障缺口
Publicly funded medicare does not necessarily pay for every dental service, medication, vision product or community support service. Private insurance, employment benefits and targeted public programs may help cover some gaps. Eligibility changes by place, program and time.
公共 Medicare 并不必然承担每项牙科、处方药、眼镜或社区支持服务费用。私人保险、雇主福利及特定公共项目有时可以补充。具体资格会随地区、项目和时间变化。
Core Knowledge / 核心知识点
✓
Supplementary means “in addition to” core coverage; it does not mean a service is automatically free.
Supplementary 意为“额外补充”，不是自动免费。
✓
A benefits plan may have exclusions, limits, deductibles or eligibility conditions.
福利保险可能有排除项目、额度、免赔额和资格条件。
✓
Do not give definitive billing advice based only on the textbook; direct clients to current plan information.
不可仅靠旧教材断言收费规定；应查询现行计划信息。
Exam Vocabulary & American English Audio / 考试词汇与美音朗读
Press 🔊 to listen to the English term or its example sentence. Adjust voice and speed above. 点击喇叭朗读英文单词或例句，可在上方调节声音和速度。
supplementary insurance
补充医疗保险
Insurance covering some costs beyond public plans.
补充公共医保未完全保障的部分费用。
Supplementary insurance may cover selected services.
benefits
福利／保险给付
Services or payments a plan provides.
保险计划提供的服务或付款权益。
Check the plan’s benefits.
deductible
免赔额／自付起付额
Amount paid by the insured before a plan pays certain costs.
保险开始支付某些费用前个人需承担的金额。
Some plans have a deductible.
coverage
保障范围
What an insurance plan pays for.
保险计划承担的项目范围。
Confirm coverage before booking a service.
out-of-pocket
自付的
Paid directly by the person, not the insurer.
由本人直接支付、非保险支付。
The patient may have out-of-pocket costs.
Exam Tip / 考试提示
Exam word EXCEPT: if asked what medicare does NOT always cover, watch for optional or supplementary benefits.
看到 EXCEPT 问 Medicare 不一定报销什么时，注意可选、补充性质的服务。
Quick Quiz / 知识点即时模拟考试
5 original multiple-choice questions: 2 scenario/concept checks + 3 language questions. 答案须先提交后查看完整中英文逐项解析；英文考试模式可隐藏中文题干。
Q1. Application / 应用
A client asks if a private supplemental benefits plan is the same as the basic provincial health plan. Which is BEST?客户问私人补充保险是否等于基本省医保，哪项回答最准确？
Reason / Reasoning: Additional benefits depend on the insurer and plan terms.
答案原因：额外福利取决于保险公司和具体计划。
A. × Both plans have defined limits and eligibility.
两类计划都有明确范围与资格。
B. ✓ Additional benefits depend on the insurer and plan terms.
额外福利取决于保险公司和具体计划。
C. × Supplementary plans exist.
补充保险确实存在。
D. × Coverage is determined by program or insurance rules.
报销由保险或项目规则决定。
Q2. Concept / 概念
Which statement about supplementary services and insurance gaps is the MOST accurate?关于“补充服务、保险与保障缺口”，哪项陈述最准确？
Reason / Reasoning: Supplementary means “in addition to” core coverage; it does not mean a service is automatically free.
答案原因：Supplementary 意为“额外补充”，不是自动免费。
A. × Funding criteria and levels of care are different concepts.
医保原则与医疗层级是两类概念。
B. × Public insurance plans are not administered by PSWs.
公共医保并不由 PSW 管理。
C. × Coverage depends on the plan and service.
受保情况取决于项目和计划。
D. ✓ This is the knowledge point described in the lesson.
这正是本小节解释的正确知识点。
Q3. Vocabulary / 词汇
What does the English PSW term “supplementary insurance” mean in Chinese?PSW 英文词汇 “supplementary insurance” 的中文含义是什么？
Reason / Reasoning: supplementary insurance: Insurance covering some costs beyond public plans.
答案原因：supplementary insurance：补充公共医保未完全保障的部分费用。
A. × This describes coverage: What an insurance plan pays for.
该选项是 coverage：保险计划承担的项目范围。
B. ✓ Correct: supplementary insurance means Insurance covering some costs beyond public plans.
正确：supplementary insurance 意为 补充公共医保未完全保障的部分费用。
C. × This describes out-of-pocket: Paid directly by the person, not the insurer.
该选项是 out-of-pocket：由本人直接支付、非保险支付。
D. × This describes benefits: Services or payments a plan provides.
该选项是 benefits：保险计划提供的服务或付款权益。
Q4. Vocabulary / 词汇
Which English term means “免赔额／自付起付额”?“免赔额／自付起付额” 对应哪个英文专业词汇？
Reason / Reasoning: deductible: Amount paid by the insured before a plan pays certain costs.
答案原因：deductible：保险开始支付某些费用前个人需承担的金额。
A. × This word actually means Paid directly by the person, not the insurer.
该词实际意思为：由本人直接支付、非保险支付。
B. ✓ Correct: deductible means Amount paid by the insured before a plan pays certain costs.
正确：deductible 的意思是 保险开始支付某些费用前个人需承担的金额。
C. × This word actually means What an insurance plan pays for.
该词实际意思为：保险计划承担的项目范围。
D. × This word actually means Insurance covering some costs beyond public plans.
该词实际意思为：补充公共医保未完全保障的部分费用。
Q5. Vocabulary / 词汇
Choose the best English meaning of “out-of-pocket”.请选出 “out-of-pocket” 最准确的英文解释。
Reason / Reasoning: out-of-pocket: Paid directly by the person, not the insurer.
答案原因：out-of-pocket：由本人直接支付、非保险支付。
A. × This is the definition of supplementary insurance, not out-of-pocket.
这是 supplementary insurance 的解释，不是 out-of-pocket。
B. × This is the definition of deductible, not out-of-pocket.
这是 deductible 的解释，不是 out-of-pocket。
C. × This is the definition of coverage, not out-of-pocket.
这是 coverage 的解释，不是 out-of-pocket。
D. ✓ Correct: this defines out-of-pocket.
正确：这是 out-of-pocket 的解释。
Learning Unit 02.12 · Textbook printed pp. 31–32 · PDF pp. 63–64
Health promotion, prevention and system trends
健康促进、预防与医疗服务发展趋势
The textbook discusses the shift toward prevention, community services, health promotion, chronic-disease management and alternative/complementary approaches. PSWs can encourage choices directed by the care plan and report concerns but should not substitute personal opinions for advice from qualified clinicians.
教材讨论向疾病预防、社区服务、健康促进、慢病管理与一些补充健康方法发展的趋势。PSW 可以支持护理计划中规定的健康习惯并报告疑虑，但不能以个人意见替代合格医疗人员的建议。
Core Knowledge / 核心知识点
✓
Prevention may involve safety measures, hygiene, vaccination programmes or screening depending on the responsible professional.
预防措施可能涉及安全、卫生、疫苗项目或筛查，具体由相应专业人员负责。
✓
Health promotion builds knowledge and conditions that help people choose healthier actions.
健康促进通过知识和支持环境帮助人们采取更健康的行动。
✓
A PSW’s role is supportive and observational, not prescribing unapproved therapies.
PSW 的角色是支持与观察，不是开立未经批准的治疗。
Exam Vocabulary & American English Audio / 考试词汇与美音朗读
Press 🔊 to listen to the English term or its example sentence. Adjust voice and speed above. 点击喇叭朗读英文单词或例句，可在上方调节声音和速度。
health education
健康教育
Information that helps people understand health choices.
帮助人们了解健康选择的知识信息。
Health education can support prevention.
screening
筛查
Checking for possible health risks before symptoms develop.
在症状出现前检查可能的健康风险。
Screening may identify risk early.
complementary care
补充性护理／疗法
Approach used alongside conventional care.
与常规治疗一同采用的方法。
Discuss complementary care with the appropriate clinician.
preventive
预防性的
Intended to stop a problem before it occurs.
旨在问题发生前防止它。
Hand hygiene is preventive.
follow-up
随访／后续跟进
Further contact or care after initial action.
首次处理后的持续联系或照护。
Follow-up may be part of a care plan.
Exam Tip / 考试提示
Distinguish PREVENT (stop before) from TREAT (manage after condition is present).
PREVENT 是“发生前预防”，TREAT 是“发生后治疗”，注意英文动词差异。
Quick Quiz / 知识点即时模拟考试
5 original multiple-choice questions: 2 scenario/concept checks + 3 language questions. 答案须先提交后查看完整中英文逐项解析；英文考试模式可隐藏中文题干。
Q1. Application / 应用
Which is an example of disease prevention rather than treatment of an existing illness?哪项主要属于疾病预防，而不是治疗已有疾病？
Reason / Reasoning: Hand hygiene helps prevent transmission of infectious agents.
答案原因：洗手能够减少病原体传播，属于预防措施。
A. × Prescribing is not a PSW role and is treatment.
开药不是 PSW 职责，并属于治疗。
B. ✓ Hand hygiene helps prevent transmission of infectious agents.
洗手能够减少病原体传播，属于预防措施。
C. × Ignoring symptoms is neither prevention nor good care.
忽略症状既非预防也非合适照护。
D. × Diagnosis is not a routine PSW responsibility.
诊断不是 PSW 日常自主职责。
Q2. Concept / 概念
Which statement about health promotion, prevention and system trends is the MOST accurate?关于“健康促进、预防与医疗服务发展趋势”，哪项陈述最准确？
Reason / Reasoning: Prevention may involve safety measures, hygiene, vaccination programmes or screening depending on the responsible professional.
答案原因：预防措施可能涉及安全、卫生、疫苗项目或筛查，具体由相应专业人员负责。
A. × Public insurance plans are not administered by PSWs.
公共医保并不由 PSW 管理。
B. × Funding criteria and levels of care are different concepts.
医保原则与医疗层级是两类概念。
C. × Coverage depends on the plan and service.
受保情况取决于项目和计划。
D. ✓ This is the knowledge point described in the lesson.
这正是本小节解释的正确知识点。
Q3. Vocabulary / 词汇
What does the English PSW term “health education” mean in Chinese?PSW 英文词汇 “health education” 的中文含义是什么？
Reason / Reasoning: health education: Information that helps people understand health choices.
答案原因：health education：帮助人们了解健康选择的知识信息。
A. ✓ Correct: health education means Information that helps people understand health choices.
正确：health education 意为 帮助人们了解健康选择的知识信息。
B. × This describes screening: Checking for possible health risks before symptoms develop.
该选项是 screening：在症状出现前检查可能的健康风险。
C. × This describes follow-up: Further contact or care after initial action.
该选项是 follow-up：首次处理后的持续联系或照护。
D. × This describes preventive: Intended to stop a problem before it occurs.
该选项是 preventive：旨在问题发生前防止它。
Q4. Vocabulary / 词汇
Which English term means “补充性护理／疗法”?“补充性护理／疗法” 对应哪个英文专业词汇？
Reason / Reasoning: complementary care: Approach used alongside conventional care.
答案原因：complementary care：与常规治疗一同采用的方法。
A. × This word actually means Information that helps people understand health choices.
该词实际意思为：帮助人们了解健康选择的知识信息。
B. ✓ Correct: complementary care means Approach used alongside conventional care.
正确：complementary care 的意思是 与常规治疗一同采用的方法。
C. × This word actually means Intended to stop a problem before it occurs.
该词实际意思为：旨在问题发生前防止它。
D. × This word actually means Further contact or care after initial action.
该词实际意思为：首次处理后的持续联系或照护。
Q5. Vocabulary / 词汇
Choose the best English meaning of “follow-up”.请选出 “follow-up” 最准确的英文解释。
Reason / Reasoning: follow-up: Further contact or care after initial action.
答案原因：follow-up：首次处理后的持续联系或照护。
A. × This is the definition of health education, not follow-up.
这是 health education 的解释，不是 follow-up。
B. × This is the definition of preventive, not follow-up.
这是 preventive 的解释，不是 follow-up。
C. × This is the definition of screening, not follow-up.
这是 screening 的解释，不是 follow-up。
D. ✓ Correct: this defines follow-up.
正确：这是 follow-up 的解释。
Learning Unit 02.13 · Textbook printed pp. 32–33 · PDF pp. 64–65
Chapter synthesis and Canada Health Act exam traps
章节总复习与加拿大卫生法考题陷阱
The chapter review asks learners to apply the five principles, divide federal and provincial roles, identify levels of care, and distinguish public from supplementary insurance. Build a concept map: coverage criteria → responsible level of government → delivery level → client access and support.
章节复习的核心是应用五大原则、分清联邦／省级职责、识别各级医疗，以及区分公共和补充保险。建议建立知识图：医保保障标准 → 负责的政府层级 → 实际提供医疗服务的层级 → 客户获取服务及获得支持。
Core Knowledge / 核心知识点
✓
Memorize the five criteria as a set and recognize each one in an everyday scenario.
五大原则要整组记忆，并能在日常情景中认出具体原则。
✓
Always ask whether a stem refers to care level, government responsibility or insurance coverage.
审题先问：题干在考医疗层级、政府职责还是保险保障？
✓
For PSW practice, explain only what you can verify and refer detailed policy questions appropriately.
PSW 对客户解释信息时，只说能核实的内容；详细政策问题转给相关人员。
Exam Vocabulary & American English Audio / 考试词汇与美音朗读
Press 🔊 to listen to the English term or its example sentence. Adjust voice and speed above. 点击喇叭朗读英文单词或例句，可在上方调节声音和速度。
MOST appropriate
最合适的
Instruction to select the single best option.
选择最符合情况的一个最佳答案。
Choose the MOST appropriate response.
EXCEPT
除了／不包括
Instruction to choose the excluded or incorrect item.
选择例外、错误或不属于的项目。
All statements are true EXCEPT one.
portable
可携带／可转移的
Able to continue under certain conditions when changing place.
按条件跨地区延续。
Insurance portability matters during travel.
insured
受保的
Covered by an applicable plan.
纳入适用保险计划的保障范围。
Verify whether the service is insured.
accessible
可获得的／可及的
Able to be reached or used reasonably.
可以合理获得或使用的。
Access to care should be accessible.
Exam Tip / 考试提示
When options look alike, identify the noun tested: residents (universality), moving (portability), services (comprehensiveness), barriers (accessibility), plan administration (public administration).
选项相似时找题干名词：居民=普遍性；搬迁=可携带性；受保服务=全面性；障碍=可及性；管理单位=公共管理。
Quick Quiz / 知识点即时模拟考试
5 original multiple-choice questions: 2 scenario/concept checks + 3 language questions. 答案须先提交后查看完整中英文逐项解析；英文考试模式可隐藏中文题干。
Q1. Application / 应用
A test question asks which principle requires a public authority to run a non-profit insurance plan. Which is correct?题目问哪项原则要求由公共机构以非营利方式管理医保计划，正确答案是？
Reason / Reasoning: The definition directly concerns how a plan is administered.
答案原因：题干直接描述计划由谁及怎样管理。
A. × Universality concerns eligible residents.
普遍性关注符合资格的居民。
B. ✓ The definition directly concerns how a plan is administered.
题干直接描述计划由谁及怎样管理。
C. × Tertiary care is a service level, not a Canada Health Act criterion.
三级医疗是服务层级，不是卫生法五原则。
D. × Portability concerns continuation across places.
可携带性关注跨地区保障延续。
Q2. Concept / 概念
Which statement about chapter synthesis and canada health act exam traps is the MOST accurate?关于“章节总复习与加拿大卫生法考题陷阱”，哪项陈述最准确？
Reason / Reasoning: Memorize the five criteria as a set and recognize each one in an everyday scenario.
答案原因：五大原则要整组记忆，并能在日常情景中认出具体原则。
A. × Coverage depends on the plan and service.
受保情况取决于项目和计划。
B. × Funding criteria and levels of care are different concepts.
医保原则与医疗层级是两类概念。
C. ✓ This is the knowledge point described in the lesson.
这正是本小节解释的正确知识点。
D. × Public insurance plans are not administered by PSWs.
公共医保并不由 PSW 管理。
Q3. Vocabulary / 词汇
What does the English PSW term “MOST appropriate” mean in Chinese?PSW 英文词汇 “MOST appropriate” 的中文含义是什么？
Reason / Reasoning: MOST appropriate: Instruction to select the single best option.
答案原因：MOST appropriate：选择最符合情况的一个最佳答案。
A. ✓ Correct: MOST appropriate means Instruction to select the single best option.
正确：MOST appropriate 意为 选择最符合情况的一个最佳答案。
B. × This describes portable: Able to continue under certain conditions when changing place.
该选项是 portable：按条件跨地区延续。
C. × This describes insured: Covered by an applicable plan.
该选项是 insured：纳入适用保险计划的保障范围。
D. × This describes EXCEPT: Instruction to choose the excluded or incorrect item.
该选项是 EXCEPT：选择例外、错误或不属于的项目。
Q4. Vocabulary / 词汇
Which English term means “可携带／可转移的”?“可携带／可转移的” 对应哪个英文专业词汇？
Reason / Reasoning: portable: Able to continue under certain conditions when changing place.
答案原因：portable：按条件跨地区延续。
A. × This word actually means Able to be reached or used reasonably.
该词实际意思为：可以合理获得或使用的。
B. ✓ Correct: portable means Able to continue under certain conditions when changing place.
正确：portable 的意思是 按条件跨地区延续。
C. × This word actually means Instruction to select the single best option.
该词实际意思为：选择最符合情况的一个最佳答案。
D. × This word actually means Covered by an applicable plan.
该词实际意思为：纳入适用保险计划的保障范围。
Q5. Vocabulary / 词汇
Choose the best English meaning of “accessible”.请选出 “accessible” 最准确的英文解释。
Reason / Reasoning: accessible: Able to be reached or used reasonably.
答案原因：accessible：可以合理获得或使用的。
A. × This is the definition of insured, not accessible.
这是 insured 的解释，不是 accessible。
B. ✓ Correct: this defines accessible.
正确：这是 accessible 的解释。
C. × This is the definition of MOST appropriate, not accessible.
这是 MOST appropriate 的解释，不是 accessible。
D. × This is the definition of EXCEPT, not accessible.
这是 EXCEPT 的解释，不是 accessible。
Chapter Mock Examination / 本章模拟考试
Forty ORIGINAL questions, including the chapter’s scenarios and vocabulary checks. English-only questions and answers during the test. Approximately 30 minutes (45 seconds per question). This is an instructional chapter test, not an official NACC blueprint or live exam.
原创 40 题，涵盖本章情景、概念与英语词汇。考试过程中只显示英文，建议约 30 分钟。该计时测试为教学模拟，非官方 NACC 考纲或真实考试。
Printed-page coverage map / 教材页码对应
Every printed page is assigned to at least one learning unit. Teaching notes prioritize exam concepts; the original textbook remains the source for its full details, figures and procedures. / 下表确保每个印刷页码都有教学单元对应；原书图表与详尽背景仍须结合教材复核。